This is a Atom formatted representation of your search results Digital NZinfo@digitalnz.org2010-03-13T08:31:25.258Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:atomtag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674165

Skipper of the Ady Gil Pete Bethune has been taken off the Shona Maru and into custody in Japan.

2010-03-13T08:31:25.258Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674164

An aircraft pilot is dead after his plane apparently hit an occupied car in Northland this afternoon.

2010-03-13T08:31:25.208Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674163

The water shortage in the Far North is reaching crisis point with just 10 days' supply left in the town of Kaitaia.

2010-03-13T08:31:25.158Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674162

The Sunday Star Times is rethinking a controversial story on security measures for next year's World Cup.

2010-03-13T08:31:25.088Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674161

It's proving cheaper to charter planes to fly from Sydney and return than stay in hotels here.

2010-03-13T08:31:25.038Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674160

The fire service has a new fleet of command vehicles which will open up a whole new way of dealing with large incidents.

2010-03-13T08:31:24.978Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674159

Emergency services are inundated with callouts as a storm has slammed Wellington and Marlborough, damaging houses and stranding residents.

2010-03-13T08:31:24.918Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674140

The Hospitality Association is reassuring fans there will be reasonably priced accommodation available for the Rugby World Cup.

2010-03-13T08:31:24.840Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674139

Seasonally adjusted total retail sales rose 0.8 percent or $42 million in January.

2010-03-13T08:31:24.768Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674138

A man who fell from a balcony at a flat in Auckland on Wednesday night has died from his injuries.

2010-03-13T08:31:24.708Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674137

Buzz Aldrin is in New Zealand to speak at Planet 2010.

2010-03-13T08:31:24.638Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674136

Kiwi anti-whaling activist Peter Bethune is expected to be arrested by the Japanese authorities when he arrives in Tokyo.

2010-03-13T08:31:24.578Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674135

An Auckland businessman refused service at a bar because he was wearing a turban has been sent a written apology.

2010-03-13T08:31:24.518Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674134

Two men who allegedly shot 33 dogs on a rural property near Wellsford have been charged with animal cruelty offences.

2010-03-13T08:31:24.458Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674133

A man arrested over a year ago for allegedly murdering his first wife and attempting to kill his second is months away from standing trial.

2010-03-13T08:31:24.388Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674132

The February total of 5029 dwellings sold was well up on the January figure of 3666.

2010-03-13T08:31:24.328Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674122

The Government has moved quickly to appease pensioners concerned their SuperGold card privileges may be eroded.

2010-03-13T08:31:24.268Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674176

A gusting southerly which destroyed property, left commuters stranded and cut power to Wellington residents last night has moved north but fresh gales are expected in the lower South Island from today.

2010-03-13T08:31:24.214Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674175

A pilot killed yesterday after his plane hit a van occupied by his brother was the heir to one of the country's largest coastal land development companies.

2010-03-13T08:31:24.128Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674174

Quincey is said to be putting in a big row today and should arrive at Ninety Mile Beach tomorrow.

2010-03-13T08:31:24.068Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674173

A Nelson woman got the shock of her life today after checking a month old Lotto Powerball ticket in her purse, to discover she had won $4 million.

2010-03-13T08:31:24.011Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674171

The Government's so-called "terrorism raids" have featured in a US State Department analysis of human rights around the world.

2010-03-13T08:31:23.958Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674170

Most rural hospitals are critically short of qualified medical staff, according to a survey of hospital managers.

2010-03-13T08:31:23.888Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674169

Anti-whaling protester Peter Bethune, who is under arrest in Japan for trespass, is reported to be well and in good spirits, Foreign Minister Murray McCully said today.

2010-03-13T08:31:23.828Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674158

An inquest into to the death of a New Zealander, who was crushed after falling asleep in a commercial skip bin in Britain, has ruled the death as accidental.

2010-03-13T08:31:23.768Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674157

Japanese authorities have swooped on the ship carrying Pete Bethune as it arrived in Tokyo just a few hours ago. The coastguard say they have arrested the Kiwi anti-whaling protestor.

2010-03-13T08:31:23.698Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674156

Transpacific Industries Group (NZ) Ltd was sentenced in Dunedin District Court today and fined $60,000.

2010-03-13T08:31:23.638Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674155

A professional rugby player facing two charges of injuring with intent to injure cannot be named, despite a judge lifting a suppression order.

2010-03-13T08:31:23.578Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674154

Gales look set to hit parts of the Clutha and Dunedin regions during the weekend and early Monday.

2010-03-13T08:31:23.528Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674152

Since the Supergold card came into action two years ago, it has been well used by those who benefit from it - more than half a million over 65-year-olds.

2010-03-13T08:31:23.448Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674014

Politicans at a select committee hearing have been accused of milking the tobacco industry for taxes.

2010-03-13T08:31:23.388Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674013

Japanese protestors have gathered in front of the NZ embassy in Tokyo, demanding Sea Shepherd activists are punished.

2010-03-13T08:31:23.328Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674012

The Government has released a report into the laws around knife crime.

2010-03-13T08:31:23.249Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674011

The Local Government Commission today released its decisions on the boundaries for the new Auckland Council.

2010-03-13T08:31:23.198Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674010

The number of women in prison since 1986 has grown at nearly twice the rate of men.

2010-03-13T08:31:23.138Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674009

MPs are being urged to send to a select committee a bill seeking to cap interest rates that loan sharks charge.

2010-03-13T08:31:23.068Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674102

New Zealand research ship Tangaroa sailed on February 2 to tag, collect tissue and faecal samples and record whales in the Southern Ocean.

2010-03-13T08:31:23.008Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674101

A welcoming party of protestors awaits Kiwi conservationist Pete Bethune in Japan tomorrow.

2010-03-13T08:31:22.948Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674100

A report on knife crime recommends slightly higher sentences, some restrictions on sales and an education programme.

2010-03-13T08:31:22.868Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674172

TVNZ could be rearranged to provide separate commercial and public service broadcasting roles under a new proposal being investigated.

2010-03-13T08:31:22.808Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674153

Hundreds of young people in Christchurch are running a campaign to keep an inner-city youth health centre up and running.

2010-03-13T08:31:22.748Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674151

The planned merger could also decrease literacy skills in New Zealand, the Library and Information Association of New Zealand Aotearoa (Lianza) said.

2010-03-13T08:31:22.678Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674131

The ward system in the new Auckland super council means many areas will not be fairly represented, Green MPs say.

2010-03-13T08:31:22.618Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674130

Former National MP and Children's Commissioner Roger McClay is due in court today accused of fraud.

2010-03-13T08:31:22.558Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674129

Free off-peak travel for elderly people under the SuperGold card is set to exceed its annual $18 million budget.

2010-03-13T08:31:22.488Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674128

The public sector will need to deal with a budget increase which will include only $1.1 billion of new money.

2010-03-13T08:31:22.438Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674127

John Key says schools which rebel against implementing national standards will effectively have to answer to parents

2010-03-13T08:31:22.393Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674126

Interest rates could reach 8.6 percent by the beginning of 2012.

2010-03-13T08:31:22.308Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674125

Former National MP Roger McClay appeared in court this morning on 56 charges of fraud.

2010-03-13T08:31:22.258Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674124

The Police Minister has hit out at a group of rugby fans who dressed up as terrorists as a stunt for a newspaper.

2010-03-13T08:31:22.194Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674123

Race Relations Commissioner Joris de Bres has released a review of the response to the racially offensive email sent by Hone Harawira last year.

2010-03-13T08:31:22.128Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674121

Mr Bethune is charged with piracy for climbing on board the Shonan Maru 2 which collided with the Sea Shepherd in the Southern Ocean.

2010-03-13T08:31:22.038Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674099

The Government is looking at cutting back the free ferry and bus trips offered to pensioners through the Super Gold Card.

2010-03-13T08:31:21.978Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674098

Israel is about to open an embassy in Wellington for the first time since 2002.

2010-03-13T08:31:21.930Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674097

The food and beverage sector was responsible for more than half of export earnings, and provided jobs for a fifth of the working population.

2010-03-13T08:31:21.858Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674168

At Foxton, in the Manawatu River, this is one of the two structures nicknamed "The Dolphin", that were designed to deflect logs from the wharf during floods and at times used by ships to help in manoeuvring to point downstream. Only one of these remains today.

2010-03-13T08:31:21.803Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:216362

Foxton Methodist Church picnic at Long Reach, Whirokino, on the Manawatu River. A group of picnicers poses on board the steamer “Planet” by which they had travelled to Whirokino. Any use of this image must be accompanied by the credit “Foxton Historical Society”

2010-03-13T08:31:21.738Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:146761

Muir and Moodie postcard Postcard featuring Main Street, Foxton, looking north from Cook Street, c.1910. A small boy is crossing the street in the foreground, while in the centre of the photograph an early car raises dust on the unpaved road. On the left of the photograph are the Council Chambers while on the right are the Post Office Hotel and the Bank of New Zealand. Any use of this image must be accompanied by the credit “Foxton Historical Society”

2010-03-13T08:31:21.678Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674167

2010-03-13T08:31:21.598Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674166

2010-03-13T08:31:21.528Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1673086

On 28 February 2010 I collected a pamphlet from the Foxton Museum (open Sundays 2-4pm) and walked through historic Foxton stopping to look at the plaques (the text of some is included in this topic).. Starting at Coronation Hall where the plaque shows a photograph of cars assembled 'outside the Coronation Hall (c1915) in readiness for a parade. The front car's sign urges citizens to "Support the Wounded Soldiers". The others read "Remember Grand Patriotic Concert". Such concerts were held in 1915 and 1916. The Manawatu Hotel stands in the background. Between the hall and the hotel is a house belonging to S. Howan. Photo below: circa 1915 Photo below: 2010 Click here to see more details of the Foxton Coronation and Town Halls. Over the road are Ihakara Gardens. The Maori settlement of Te Awahou was located in this area. The war memorial stands on the triangle reserve which is reputed to have been the site of the meeting house of the settlement. The Ngati Raukawa people that lived here were led by Ihakara Tukumaru. Nearby Ihakara Gardens are on the site of the kainga's burial ground which was used by both Maori and Pakeha. Although Ihakara's people later abandoned the settlement they returned to bury the body of their chief there in 1881. This is one of the six graves still marked by a headstone. Photos (left): Sign outside Ihakara Gardens (right): View of 4 headstones in Ihakara Gardens. In Ihakara Gardens there is a plaque with three photographs taken by Wanganui photographers Harding-Denton in 1878. The originals of these photos are held in the Alexander Turnbull Library. In the foregrounds of each is part of Ihakara Gardens with picket fence marked graves. This photograph shows at left the two storied Manchester House (with horses tethered outside) and residence. The building burnt down in the 1880s and was replaced. It had various uses including a drapery shop (Osborne), Bryant's billiard saloon, boarding house, butcher's shop, photographer's studio and a Gentlemen's Club. When it burnt down again in 1937 it was not rebuilt. In the distance can be seen some of the bush that lined the sand ridge along which a road was laid. Originally known as The Avenue but today it is Avenue Road. In the middle of the photo: "Tansley's Manawatu Hotel" had been in existence for over ten years (at the time of this photo). It began life as White Hart Hotel in the mid 1860s. The present day building is a 1900 replacement of the original that burnt down. On the right of the photo is Trasks's bakery and home. On the left of this photograph are the barracks used for housing immigrant settlers when thay had to wait for railway transport after they had arrived at the port of Foxton. It was also used as the Borough Council office when it was formed in 1888. At the back can be seen the privately owned public hall after which the street it is located in, Hall Street, was named. Originally this thoroughfare was known as Loudon Street. In the middle of the photo is the Court House, built c1865. This section also housed the district's first policeman, John Purcell, appointed in 1867. The Court House was not just used by the judicial system but also by several groups for meetings. Sittings of the Maori Land Court were also held here for, in early years, the only other village in the area was Otaki. This Court House was used until 1929 when it was replaced by the building now housing the Museum of Foxton History. St Andrew's Presbyterian Church is the next building along Main Street and it is the oldest building in town. New Zealand's first Presbyterian Missionary, James Duncan, raised funds from all over the Wellington Province to pay for the church, which opened in 1867. It was used as a church until 1970 and became the home of the Foxton Little Theatre in 1971. This photograph shows St Andrew's Church and several business premises including the newly built two stories Whytes Hotel. Down the right hand side of the street there is another group of business premises including Liddel's two storied shop. In the foreground is what was to become the Manawatu Herald building. Horses and a cart stand on the Triangle Reserve which today accomodates the town's memorial for fallen soldiers. The tram/railway line ran down the middle of Main Street from 1873 to 1881. In a later year a deviation was constructed which took the line to the west of the town through what is now the grounds of Manawatu College and down to a riverside reclamation. The Triangle Reserve in the foreground was first tidied up in 1899 when a post and chain fence wes erected. Cabbage trees and a seat were also installed. In 1908 John Chrystall drilled a well here which supplied water per a hand pump. Note there is no road running between Ihakara Gardens and the Triangle Reserve. The land to the west was the property of Rev. Duncan and roads through were not laid out until several years later. Photograph: The "Old Cemetery" as it was known, became very much neglected and from the early 1900s locals began agitating for it to be cleaned up. This photograph shows how it had been invaded by pine trees. Also in the photograph is the old Court House built in the mid 1860s and replaced in 1929. Historical background: Before any upgrading could be started the Borough had to approach the Maori owners. Several years of discussion etc. resulted in the land being offered to the Borough as a gift. In the mid 1920s the "Old Cemetery" became the focus of the activities of the Foxton Beautifying Society and they organised the cleaning up of the section, shaping and grassing of the hill, laying of footpaths, construction of the fence and planting of shrubs. Thus the "Old Cemetery" became Ihakara gardens and the town had one of its iconic features. The oldest marked grave (1850) is that of Dr J. Best a nephew of Capt. F. Robinson whose son is also buried here. Ann, the daughter of one of the district's other early settlers T and K Kebbell, was buried here in 1854. There are certainly others whose graves are no longer marked, buried here, for this urupu of the Te Awahou marae was the only burial ground in the town until 1871. Besides Ihakara, there are six other Maori of his whanau listed on the headstones. Earlier photographs show picket fences around sites where there is now no indication of a burial having taken place. There are twelve people who it is considered would almost certainly have been buried here. Main Street, Foxton PHOTOGRAPH: Main Street c 1922. The Memorial to Fallen Soldiers is in place but the water tower is not. The new Ihakara Gardens fence is still to be built but note there is no sign of the marked burial plots of the 1878 photos. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND: The early 1920s saw several changes at the northern end of Main Street. Noticeable in this photo is the Fallen Soldiers' Memorial on the triangle reserve. The fence around the memorial was later replaced by a concrete one which has since been removed. On the let stands St Andrew's Church which was erected as a result of the fund raising efforts of Rev Duncan. Beyond it are the brick buildings replacing those destroyed in 1912 fire. The first of these is the general store of Barr and Tyer. Behind is the two storied Whytes Hotel. On the right is the two storied McColl plumbers building and next to it is the home of the Manawatu Herald (now Manawatu Print), which was built 1879. This publication began in 1878, in a building next to All Saints' Church. It served the district well, although not only from this site, until 1996. There is no building next to the Herald as in 1920 the Racing Club office was burnt down and was not replaced until 1922. The first verandah denotes Bauckhams store. This business was moved in 1924 to a new building on the corner of Clyde and Main Streets, which was built after a fire in that area. Bauckham's store was the forerunner of Foxton New World which was opened accross the street in 2002. The picket fence in the photo was replaced by the present roughcast one as part of the Beautifying Society's upgrade in 1921-22. The present day plantings in Ihakara Gardens were part of a 1990s clean up by te Historical Society and Keep Foxton Beautiful, using funds from the sale of the Band Hall in Cook Street. A similar photo on Kete around 1922: Similar view in 2010: Secondary department Foxton D H S Foxton District High School Secondary department taken from Ihakara Gardens. This photograph shows the building (now demolished) which stood on the land beside Ihakara Gardens. It was built as the Secondary Department of Foxton District High School and opened in 1927. As well as classrooms it contained woodwork and cooking rooms. A few years earlier the site had been considered as a possible site for school baths. Historical Background: Until this building was opened local children had to go to boarding schools or travel by train to Palmerston North for their secondary education. The latter option meant arriving at school late and leaving early, ideal for some nut not for the serious scholar. For many years School Committees and Headmasters pushed for provision of secondary education. Finally, in 1925, it was decided to translate Foxton Primary School into a District High School. This meant adding secondary classes to the already existing state school. During 1926 headmaster Frank Mason taught a few secondary pupils in his office while the new building was being built. In 1952 the secondary department moved to new buildings in Lady's Mile as increasing rolls had created overcrowding. These new buildings became the basis of Manawatu College in 1961. This building continued to be used for manual training for primary and decondary classes. The primary section of the school moved a class in and also established their library in one of the rooms. The building was later condemned and it was demolished in 1973. Ownership of the site was returned to the Maori descendants of the original owners who had donated it for educational use. Click here to see more details of the Foxton War Memorial. Click here to read exerpts on the History of the Foxton War Memorial published in the Manawatu Herald in 1919/1920. The view from Clyde Street dates from the early 1900s, prior to 1905. It was in that year that the old Bank of New Zealand building (next to the first telegraph pole on the left) was burnt down. Whytes Hotel is on the left and on the other side of White Street is the Red Store of M H Walker. A flag flies on the Post Office Hotel. On the right a group stands outside the building which was built as the Bank of Australasia and in the photograph is probably a doctor's surgery. It was also used by the Salvation Army Red Shield Club before it was burnt down. Historical background: The wide Main Street of Foxton has been one of its features from the first plan. The original tramway/railway ran down the middle to the station next to the Wharf Street corner. There were often complaints about the wagons of stock left in the street overnight and Foxtonians were pleased to see the line removed to the riverside in 1881. The muddy surface was not sealed until 1912. In the foreground is an ornate gas lamp. The reticulation of coal gas through the town was started by a private firm in 1908. The gasworks were in Cook Street and the Borough took them over in 1910. These works were closed in 1938 and all signs of them have now been removed. The lamplighter lost jis job when electric lighting was installed in 1925. The red Store across Whyte Street was founded by Thos Westwood in 1894 and sold to M H Walker in 1899. The next owner was Thomas Rimmer who was also a builder. It was burnt down in one of the many fires of 1912. Continued on next topic: A walk through historic Foxton - Part 2 - Click here to read

2010-03-13T08:31:21.449Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674144

Police in Lower Hutt are investigating an attempted rape at a train station around 7am this morning.

2010-03-13T08:31:21.338Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674143

Should New Zealand hotels and motels be allowed to charge more for their rooms during the Rugby World Cup?

2010-03-13T08:31:21.278Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674142

Trans-Tasman rower Shaun Quincey has indicated he will complete his solo expedition during the weekend.

2010-03-13T08:31:21.148Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674141

A Wanganui woman who murdered a neighbour she believed was "coming on" to her partner has been sentenced to life.

2010-03-13T08:31:21.088Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674018

Some redundancies are inevitable at the Education Ministry as it seeks to prune $25 million from its $441 million budget.

2010-03-13T08:31:21.026Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674016

The country’s biggest cigarette company will front MPs looking at the impact of tobacco on Maori today.

2010-03-13T08:31:20.018Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674017

Labour says allowing rich people to retire to New Zealand will create costs on the health system.

2010-03-13T08:31:19.959Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674015

National's intentions are clear - it is taking the axe to the public service.

2010-03-13T08:31:19.888Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1672060

Aim: To investigate women's perceptions of the contribution of cardiac rehabilitation to their recovery from a myocardial infarction. Background and Purpose: Cardiac rehabilitation programs have been based on research with almost exclusively male participants. It was unclear if cardiac rehabilitation programs meet the needs of women. Method: Ten women who had experienced one or more myocardial infarctions were interviewed. Data from these interviews were analysed using Glaserian grounded theory. Findings: The core category that emerged from the data was 'regaining everydayness'. Participants worked to regain their 'everydayness' through a basic social process of 'reframing'. Reframing involved coming to terms with what they had experienced and fitting it into their lives. Other categories related to symptom recognition and recovery. Conclusion: Cardiac rehabilitation programs contributed to overall recovery from a myocardial infarction in different ways for each participant. Although programs provided information for participants, they failed to provide the type of support needed to effectively aid reframing and recovery. Programs did not meet the needs of all participants and it was apparent that one size does not fit all.

2010-03-13T08:31:19.818Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1672059

New Zealand has had several major changes in its economic, health and welfare systems over the past two decades. Successive governments have made adjustments that have had negative effects on the health of specific population groups. There is now clear evidence that lower socio-economic status has a major impact on the health of New Zealanders, especially the more disadvantaged groups such as Maori and Pacific Islanders. Youth as an age group is too often ignored in discussions about disadvantage and health inequalities. Yet young people have special needs in relation to their developmental stage - transition between child and adulthood; their potential for behaviours identified as "at risk"; and the impact that those behaviours may have on their future health. In 2000, the then Minister of Health, Annette King, released The New Zealand Health Strategy (2000) which has as a key principle improved health for disadvantaged New Zealanders. A pivotal part of this strategy is increased funding and improved access to primary health care, but youth are not recognised as having specific needs. Therefore, although this Strategy is addressing the needs of some disadvantaged groups, there remains much to be done to meet the needs of disadvantaged youth in New Zealand.

2010-03-13T08:31:19.748Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674120

HANDSTAND: a New Zealand group exhibition for emerging contemporary jewellery artists, curated by Peter Deckers. The exhibition was part of the 2009 New Zealand Jewellery Show (as a standalone exhibition). The exhibition showcased the work of the selected emerging artists (not more than 4 years from their art study), with awards for best use of materials and ideas (TopMark and Resene sponsorship). The catalogue HANDSTAND, edited by Peter Deckers and Hilda Gascard presents all of the artists and has writings by Damian Skinner, Kevin Murray, Peter Deckers, Johanna Zellmer, Shane Hartdegen, Pauline Bern, Kelly McDonalds, Marie Curtis and notes on the awards by Matt Blomeley. The writing addresses issues related to the education and art practices of the contemporary emerging jewellery artist. Catalogue was sponsored by Whitireia NZ

2010-03-13T08:31:19.668Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1672058

There is a wide variety of literature available about coronary heart disease (CHD). However much of the research related to CHD has been performed using either exclusively male populations or such small numbers of women that the results from the women studied were unable to be analysed independently. It is apparent that more researchers are focusing on research that examines women's responses to CHD and the care and treatment they receive. The following literature review explores some of the issues related to women's experience of cardiac rehabilitation and demonstrates that women's experience of cardiac rehabilitation may be different to that of men. There is a need for nurses working within this area of practice to have an understanding of women's experience of recovery from a heart attack in order to better meet their needs.

2010-03-13T08:31:19.598Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1672057

This paper reviews the literature related to an in-depth, narrative study currently being carried out on how beginning secondary teachers in culturally and socially diverse classrooms in New Zealand shape their professional knowledge and practice. Recent governmental reports from New Zealand, Australia and the UK highlight ongoing concern about beginning teacher retention and about the variability of the quality of new teacher induction programmes. The literature explored in this paper also discusses the issues for teachers arising from recent social and technological changes and the development of new teachers' professional knowledge. Little research has been found, to date, about the perspectives of the beginning teachers. This paper argues for the need to find out, from beginning teachers themselves, how they experience and represent the professional, political, social and cultural issues they face. This is presented as necessary if we are to understand better how to harness their expertise and commitment in schools, and prepare teachers who have a positive impact on the quality of outcomes for diverse students.

2010-03-13T08:31:19.528Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1672056

This paper discusses the process undertaken to guide and support third year Diploma of Teaching (ECE) students through small research projects carried out during a practicum placement. From setting and defining their own topics, ethical considerations and data collection and analysis, students develop a sound understanding of research skills and processes. The structure and support systems provided have ensured that students and their practicum centres find the studies useful and relevant. A significant outcome from the research projects has been the enhancement of the critical thinking and analytical skills of students and their ability to apply the learning in their ongoing professional development as practising teachers.

2010-03-13T08:31:19.448Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1672055

In 1994 the New Zealand Qualifications Authority granted Whitireia Community Polytechnic approval for a nursing degree and in the year 2000, the School of Computing introduced a Bachelor of Information Technology. The granting of these degrees, with their research component, has meant that a research culture has had to be developed. Characteristics of productive research environments have been identified as including resources, particularly human resources. Since staff teaching on a degree programmes have to be actively engaged in research, there is increasing pressure to teach as well as research. As with many tertiary institutions, this demand often puts staff in an unbalanced situation, unable to find the time for research given a sometimes heavy teaching load. The institution has reacted to this pressure and new patterns of support are emerging. A case study approach, using organisational role theory, is used to examine Whitireia Community Polytechnic's strategies of resourcing research and researchers. Documentary sources such as reports and policy documents and participant-observations are used to analyse the roles of the research assistant and of library services. The primary function of these supporting roles is to be of practical and academic assistance and to ensure that the staff are properly channeled through the necessary research processes and networks that could help them. The efficacy of these roles at Whitireia Community Polytechnic is discussed in terms of research literature and role theory. Both roles, in different ways, were found to be contributing to a productive research environment. Suggestions are made for future research.

2010-03-13T08:31:19.378Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1672054

This project titled 'Three Key Elements' Mental Health Delivery Toward Maori explores literature on mental health service delivery in Aotearoa/New Zealand for Maori over the last thirty years. The evolution of changes in mental health delivery is traced and how this has affected Maori mental health status, Maori socioeconomic realities and the delivery of mental health services to Maori. This paper traces the changes to three modes of mental health delivery from a psychiatric institution in the 1970s through to community-focused care in the 1980s, and telenursing in the 1990s. In this project I position myself using a metaphor which encompasses my cultural, personal and professional area of expertise in mental health nursing. Interwoven are reflective accounts of my brother Sidney's journey as a tangata whaiora in mental health services. I explore those factors which our whanau had to challenge in response to poor access, information and support in mental health at this time. I also trace Maori realities and Maori health status in the 1950s and the transition of Maori to urban society through to the 1960s. Urbanisation provided opportunities and also pressures for Maori and it was these pressures that led to Sidney becoming unwell in the 1970s. A renaissance in the 1980s of Maori activism explores Maori expression to improve Maori health status and better socioeconomic conditions. The Treaty of Waitangi as the foundation of health policy and service delivery is discussed. Cultural safety was developed to educate nurses about cultural awareness and difference in providing nursing care. In the 1990s kaupapa Maori services were established demonstrating improved service delivery, with Maori health professionals and Maori mental health frameworks which endorse Maori by Maori services. The paper concludes by exploring mental health telenursing and recommendations for healthcare delivery to improve the health of Maori. My vision for futuristic health and wellbeing for Maori is to provide a nationwide kaupapa Maori healthline.

2010-03-13T08:31:19.308Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1672053

The evaluation outlined in this paper illuminates issues relating to access and use of the on-line component of the Postgraduate Certificate in Nursing (Mental Health). This programme is offered annually to Registered Nurses from a wide geographical base. All students enrolled in the programme, have recently completed a Bachelor of Nursing programme and are not classed as new learners. Although the students come together for five weeks of the year, the programme is primarily classified as a distance programme. The programme utilises Blackboard (Bb) to provide online support for students throughout the year. There had been no requirement for students to actively participate in the Bb environment, until 2006 when a formative assessment process was required to be posted on Bb. The evaluation took place during the second semester of two consecutive programmes, 2005 and 2006. The structured illuminative enquiry was undertaken using ethnic-based discussion groups during the 2005 programme, as well as a survey questionnaire completed by the students in the 2006 programme. Some supported quantitative data was collected during both years, using existing statistical capacities within Blackboard.

2010-03-13T08:31:19.218Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1672052

This critical case study was undertaken for the purposes of illuminating information relating to new graduate nurses' experiences in their first clinical placement, in order to consider ways an established entry to practice programme (the programme) can better support and enhance the students' transition from student nurse to staff nurse within psychiatric mental health nursing practice. Seven of the 1999 students of the programme participated in the research. The project provided the researcher with a variety of challenges related to her dual role as researcher and programme coordinator. Data was collected through the use of discussion groups, participants and researcher jointly identifying the themes that were explored. These themes related to preceptorship and support, socialisation of the new graduate and risk management. The research has provided rich data that has and will continue to be used to inform future developments within both the educational and clinical components of the programme. The research has also provided opportunities for personal and professional growth through the sharing of experiences and working together to identify emancipatory action which has in turn led to transformation.

2010-03-13T08:31:19.148Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1672051

'Link rot' or the decay of a URL as a result of removal of its website, content change or redirection, is recognised as a major problem in a variety of information retrieval areas. Library catalogues, distance learning resources and reference lists within scholarly literature are all affected. Within reference lists of scholarly articles, various trends have been researched and identified. An increase in the use of electronic citations has been paralleled by the decay of their links. Rates of decay vary within specific disciplines and electronic domains, and most researchers express concern at the resultant impact on one of the foundations of scholarly research. This New Zealand research investigates citation trends within six New Zealand journals in different disciplines between 2002-2005. Reasons for the failure to connect to sites are analysed in terms of Eppler's (2003) information model of deficit responsibility and results compared with overseas studies. Suggestions are then made as to how electronic citations could be stabilised and to future areas of research.

2010-03-13T08:31:19.078Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1672050

Currently, the New Zealand nursing workforce is predominantly pakeha. The growing proportion of Pacific people in the wider population is not being reflected in the New Zealand nursing workforce. Previous research by Southwick showed that Pacific Island students had a high drop out rate from nursing programmes. In 2004, the Bachelor in Nursing (Pacific) programme commenced at Whitireia Community Polytechnic. Challenges and results of this programme are discussed.

2010-03-13T08:31:19.019Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1672049

This paper is the first part of a longitudinal study focussing on facilitating independent learning amongst Chinese International students completing the Bachelor of Applied Business Studies at Whitireia Polytechnic. The major rationale advanced for developing independence is that this an important graduate competency required by Western employers. Evidence from the literature indicates that new Chinese international students will initially have a low level of willingness and ability to practise independent learning. A model of independence is developed based on the Staged Self-Directed Learning model (Grow, 1991) and on the Situational Model of Leadership (Hersey & Blanchard, cited in Hersey & Blanchard, 1996). Grow's model characterises four learning levels ranging from dependent to self-directed and it is proposed that, if suitable teaching strategies are employed, students should progress towards higher levels of independence as they advance through the degree. Confirming the evidence from the literature review, the findings indicate that the class is at level two of independence. Suitable teaching strategies for level two learners will be developed and implemented in parts two and three of this project.

2010-03-13T08:31:18.958Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1672048

This study investigates what first-year EAL nursing students believe about vocabulary learning, what strategies they report using, whether there are patterns in their actual use of vocabulary learning strategies as they read technical texts, and whether there are discrepancies between reported and actual use of particular strategies. In a case study, evidence of reliability is provided by "carefully documenting and reporting the details of the observation procedure, and by including a rich description of the participants, the situation, and the researcher's role in the observation process and his or her theoretical perspective" (Bachman, 2004, p.726). To this end, an affective interview, three observations using think-aloud protocol, a stimulated recall session, receptive vocabulary tests and receptive and productive medical vocabulary tests were used.

2010-03-13T08:31:18.898Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1672047

There is an enormous body of research literature on the subject of work-related stress, mostly from the 1960s onwards. This review focuses on the research literature relevant to teacher stress; it begins with an overview of the main current theoretical models and conceptualisations of occupational stress, followed by an analysis of the research approaches to the field of teacher stress. With this contextual framework established, the research literature on teacher stress is then examined in some detail, focussing in turn on each of the aspects of work-related stress under study: the incidence, effects and causes of stress, the moderating factors involved, and coping strategies employed. For each of these aspects, discussion of the research findings for teacher stress generally and in the compulsory sector are followed by particular examination of research in the tertiary sector, and when available, in polytechnics. Particular attention is paid to New Zealand research.

2010-03-13T08:31:18.838Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1672046

TESOL is now a multi-million dollar industry, and an integral part of the New Zealand education system, but it had its beginnings as a foreign aid initiative, based in a two-storey brick and wooden house at the edge of Victoria University's campus. Some great names in education in New Zealand have been part of this development, centred on the English Language Institute at Victoria University of Wellington. The history and importance of the institute is recorded.

2010-03-13T08:31:18.768Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1672045

Awarded a Travelling Scholarship to Asia which was funded by the Ministry of Education and ACENZ, Ailsa Parker, a librarian from Whitireia Community Polytechnic, visited twenty-one libraries in Japan, Korea and China in the space of 23 days in November / December, 2002. These included national, university, high school and public libraries. Access to the libraries was gained through sister-city contacts, ACENZ links, Proquest International and National Library Associations. The importance of correct protocol, especially in Japan, became apparent when setting up appointments. The aim of the trip was to compare and contrast library conditions in those countries with those in New Zealand. Library literature indicated many differences and the literature and personal experience were used to develop criteria for observation. By dissemination of the results of the trip, it is hoped to improve the effectiveness and relevance of the library experiences offered to international students.

2010-03-13T08:31:18.698Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1672044

A stocktake prior to a move to a new building ensures that holdings on the library catalogue are accurate and items on the shelves arranged correctly. Whitireia Community Polytechnic at Porirua, New Zealand, followed this procedure. Regular stocktakes had been done, but some investigation into best practice was required as the stocktake was to be electronic rather than manual. A loss rate was identified as well as problem areas, and evidence gained from the stocktake was then appraised and evaluated in terms of other data from within the library system e.g. the previous stocktake, item loan records and intra-campus loan data. Results were benchmarked against other academic libraries, although New Zealand data was difficult to obtain. A set of recommendations and best practice guidelines was then drawn up. Probably one of the most useful sources of benchmarking data and guidelines was Theft and loss from UK libraries: a national survey. This 1992 paper from the Crime Prevention Unit Series by John Burrows and Diane Cooper, details definition, frequency, extent and nature of loss from British libraries. The library is now in its new building and the results of any future stocktake will need to be examined in terms of changes to the physical layout of the library e.g. non-library staff can exit the building without going through security gates, the staff information desk is now a considerable distance from the security gates and users have access to an external deck. A separate Maori collection has also been created. In addition, recent well-publicised thefts from New Zealand libraries has generated some literature on the subject of stocktaking and theft, so this can also be incorporated into future benchmarking and planning.

2010-03-13T08:31:18.642Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1672043

Libraries devote considerable time and expense to ensuring that disabled users can physically access the library. Is the same amount of thought, however, going into Web page development. Do sites provide support for technologies such as audio readers? Are they compliant with the W3C Web Accessibility Initiative standards? This presentation discusses Bobby, a free software that can quickly check for compliance; shares research results of testing the Web pages of New Zealand polytechnic libraries with Bobby; and compares the results with overseas research.

2010-03-13T08:31:18.558Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1672042

Capstone projects which provide the opportunity for student teams to experience "real-world" software development form part of the final semester of study in many computing degrees. This paper describes a number of development methodologies that are currently used both in industry and software development capstone projects. Such projects are carried out under a unique set of constraints due to their nature as instances of experiential learning in an educational setting. These constraints are discussed and then a number of methodologies are described along with a discussion of the suitability of the methodology for capstone projects. Issues that must be addressed by instructors are considered. Finally recommendations are made and a plan for a study into capstone development methodologies is described. The goals of this paper are to provide an overview of current methodologies available for software development capstone projects, to clarify the benefits and problems encountered when using these methodologies in capstone projects, and to indicate suitable resources for those involved in these projects.

2010-03-13T08:31:18.488Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1672041

The Nursing Development Unit (NDU) at Hutt Valley District Health Board (HVDHB) has for a number of years published an annual training and education planner for nurses. Multiple changes have occurred over this time, both organizational and national. Key personnel in NDU, responsible for coordinating and publishing this plan, have left the organization. Increasing patient acuity, technological advances, changes in healthcare service delivery models and requirement to demonstrate ongoing competence under the HPCA Act has changed what is required of nurses. It was timely therefore in 2005 to review the training needs of nurses employed within the organization. This review by the Nursing Development Unit in conjunction with Whitireia Community Polytechnic included a questionnaire which was sent to three different role groups. Although there were limitations to the findings due to the poor response rate from registered nurses surveyed, the results and the literature supported the development of a planned approach to maximise the potential of education provided. This approach included the development of a framework for study days and the development of the annual planner.

2010-03-13T08:31:18.408Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1672040

This critically appraised topic focuses on seclusion as an intervention for acutely mentally unwell patients. Seclusion is defined as "the placing of a person, at any time and for any duration, alone in an area where he/she cannot freely exit" (Ministry of Health, 2001, p. 43). Seclusion can be legally implemented under the Mental Health (Compulsory Assessment and Treatment) Act 1992 when "other methods of clinical management cannot safely be used, or have been used without success" (p. 34). Despite the common use of seclusion as an intervention, it is suggested that many patients feel that seclusion does not have a calming effect. The following is an example of how seclusion is explored against evidence-based practice. A scenario, search question and terms are identified. A literature search was undertaken and Greenhalgh (2001) was utilised to assess methodological quality. The most relevant research article that would assist in answering the search question was identified and is critically appraised as follows.

2010-03-13T08:31:18.338Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1672039

In today's society, young people have many different opportunities for career choices. Nursing is a career that could offer many challenges and rewards to young people, yet most do not choose a career in nursing. This research project aims to explore how young people make career decisions and why young people might choose or reject nursing as a career choice. The literature suggests that the process of decision-making for young people is a complex multi faceted process that is influenced by predisposing factors such as their family, gender, culture and society, their ability to search for career options and the choices available to them. Young people's career decision-making in relation to nursing also seems to be influenced by these factors. A qualitative descriptive research design was chosen for this research in order to bring the views of the participants to the forefront. Thirty four young people from two local colleges and a church group volunteered to participate in focus group interviews to discuss how they made career decisions and their perceptions of nursing as a career choice. Five focus groups were conducted including two single gender groups as well as three mixed gender groups. The majority of the participants identified as either Maori or Pasifika ethnicity. Data analysis was undertaken using thematic analysis to identify codes, categories and themes. Data analysis software called NVivo 7(QSR International, 2006) was used to aid in organising the data. The career decision-making process described by Leach and Zepke (2005) was used as a model to present the findings. The findings suggest that in the predisposition stage, it is crucial to provide culturally appropriate advice and support to parents because of the key role they have in the young person's career decision. In the search stage, it is important that young people make positive connections with role models and mentors and are supported in exploring their career interests and aspirations within the educational environment. In the choices stage, young people should be aided in developing a career pathway. Finally the profile of nursing needs to be raised across all three stages of the career decision-making process. Addressing gender stereotypes held by both male and female young people as well as by parents, the educational environments and the community seems crucial in order to develop nursing as an attractive career option for young people.

2010-03-13T08:31:18.258Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1672038

Clinical leadership is the cornerstone to improved health outcomes and workforce development (Graham, 2003; Mental Health Workforce Development, 2005). This research project explored nurses' perceptions of clinical leadership in mental health nursing practice. Within New Zealand no research exists that evaluates the role and impact the clinical leadership has in mental health nursing practice. From personal experience and discussion with colleagues I argue that clinical leadership in terms of support and guidance for nurses is often minimal and that there is a relationship between qualities of clinical leadership and poor retention rates of mental health nurses. The prime objective of this study was to increase knowledge about clinical leadership in mental health nursing practice. This research used a quantitative descriptive methodology, utilising survey design. A questionnaire was used to rank the attributes of the person the respondents identified as a clinical leader. The data was collected from 30 registered nurses working in mental health settings within the central region of New Zealand. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 10, including descriptive statistics and group correlations. Three open-ended questions sought the respondents' opinion of how clinical leadership influenced their nursing practice, what clinical leadership skills were useful for assisting and retaining nurses and what barriers existed to prevent effective leadership. Responses to the three open-ended questions were analysed for their thematic content. Findings indicate that there is room for improvement with regard to clinical leadership in mental health nursing practice. Clinical leadership is perceived to be more effective by nurses in their second year of practice and in community settings. A statistically significant difference was indicated between nurses in their second year of practice and nurses in their third year of practice in terms of their ranking of clinical leadership abilities. Overall the respondents perceived poor communication and poor attitude as the biggest barriers to effective leadership. Support and good role models were said to influence nursing practice positively and the skills that were identified as being helpful in assisting and retaining nurses were mentorship and good communication. The results of the study are discussed in relation to the literature on transformational leadership skills. Finally, the general limitations of the study are outlined and implications for future research are discussed.

2010-03-13T08:31:18.183Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1672037

WellingtonOctober 2003 marked the centenary of Wellington district nursing. Annie Holgate, a "trained, professional" nurse, was employed to care for the sick poor in 1903. The Wellington St John Ambulance District Nursing Guild funded district nursing for over fifty years. The first president, Sarah Ann Rhodes, left a legacy of a solid financial and administrative base for the whole of the Guild's existence. From 1945 the Wellington Hospital Board assumed responsibility for district nursing and expanded the service to the greater Wellington region. In 1974 the Community Health Services were formed, with Pauline MacInnes as the nurse leader. Expansion of healthcare in the community ensued, with district nurses pivotal to client-centred, community-based, collaborative healthcare. This service was dismantled in the wake of health sector restructuring in 1989. The philosophy and operation of the Community Health Service of this period bears a striking resemblance to the current concept of Primary Health Care. Primary sources from Wellington St John, Kai Tiaki and data from official publications were used to compile this history. Emergent themes are the autonomy of district nurses' practice, the invisibility of district nursing and the impact of visionary leadership. All have implications for the future of district nursing. District nursing, initially dependent on philanthropy, has been publicly funded in New Zealand since 1944. District nursing is now an essential component of health care.

2010-03-13T08:31:18.078Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1672036

This paper discusses selected findings of a PhD research project. The research investigates the way registered nurses apply cultural safety knowledge in their day-to-day nursing practice. Cultural safety education sits within a critical framework and focuses on power relations in the delivery of health care. The concept grew out of the identity politics movements of the 1970s and 1980s. Identity politics asserts that individuals and groups have the right to claim an identity that is reflective of how they see themselves rather than how others see them. Identity politics asserts the right for marginalised individuals and groups to claim and occupy the same social, public and political spaces as their more dominant counterparts. Cultural safety was introduced into the New Zealand nursing curriculum in 1992 (Ramsden, 1993). Since that time little research has been undertaken which specifically explores how registered nurses apply cultural safety knowledge in their day-to-day practice. The focus of cultural safety is on how the nurse understands and works with power in the context of health care. It is about the nurse coming to understand how attitudes and beliefs shape, influence or affect the delivery of nursing and health care. Central to this understanding is the nurse's willingness to recognise notions of difference within health care relationships. This research uses a narrative approach to explore the question "the ways registered nurses apply cultural safety in their day to day nursing practice". It is through the researcher's interpretation of story that the qualitative experience of culturally safe nursing practice is illuminated. Narrative methodology informed the approach to interviewing sixteen registered nurses from a range of practice areas within New Zealand. The nurses were asked for stories about how they applied cultural safety knowledge in their day-to-day practice. It is how these stories were co - constructed, given meaning by the participants, and interpreted by the researcher which provided the data for analysis and discussion. This paper draws on selected stories of cultural safety in practice to highlight the multifaceted nature of cultural safety and reveals the complexity and multiple influences on the application of cultural safety knowledge in practice. The paper concludes with a summary of how this research might contribute to the development of new understandings about what cultural safety means as nursing moves further into the 21st century.

2010-03-13T08:31:17.948Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1672035

Trailblazers are those that forge the way to enable others to follow. This report is an evaluation of the academic journey undertaken by a group of newly graduated nurses who were sponsored by a New Zealand District Health Board (DHB) to work in a variety of primary health care nursing settings. The impetus for this pilot employment option was the Ministry of Health's focus on primary health care nursing and workforce development for this sector and the Expert Advisory Committee for primary health care nursing's recommendations to DHB's regarding employment of graduate nurses and support for them to engage in post graduate study. Evaluation participants were primarily the graduate nurses who were interviewed at the end of their first year of practice which was following programme completion then again nine to ten months later. Findings include the nurses reflections on what supported them and what acted to impede as barriers to their learning success and practice development. The report concludes with five recommendations that can be used to ensure that the travels of future newly graduated nurses taking this pathway are supported, safe and successful.

2010-03-13T08:31:17.878Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1672034

The purpose of the research was an evaluation of practice exemplars as a reflective process in teaching and learning about cultural safety. Six Maori, two Pacific and five Pakeha students, ranging in age from 30 to 40, took part in the research. The research findings revealed five sub themes: personal safety, power/ powerlessness, reflection, teaching and learning and cultural safety. The presentation, while acknowledging that cultural safety shared some commonalities with culture care theory, highlighted differences between the two. These included that cultural safety was explicit in identifying the inherent power of the nurse in health care relationships; related to the experience of the recipient of nursing care, and extended beyond cultural awareness and sensitivity; provided consumers of nursing services with the power to comment on practices; and contributed to the achievement of positive outcomes and experiences for them. It outlined the characteristics of a culturally safe nurse as a nurse who had undertaken a process of reflection on her/his own cultural identity and who recognised the impact their personal culture had on client care.

2010-03-13T08:31:17.808Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1672033

The authors of this paper, who tutor at two different technical institutes, have collaborated for the past four years on a research project examining New Zealand experiences with student collaborative learning in multicultural groups. International research, while acknowledging the challenges involved, is positive about the educational benefits of working in diverse groups. There has been little New Zealand research, however, in this area. The first stage of this project identified issues that tertiary tutors faced when using collaborative learning in their classrooms. Subsequent findings of this research project have been consistent with the literature on the benefits and challenges of inter-cultural collaborative learning. The results indicate that students are often inadequately prepared for working in groups and therefore do not achieve the desired outcome of learning to work together constructively and collaboratively. The development of the 'soft skills' required by industry is often not achieved by either domestic or international students. This paper outlines the particular challenges faced by New Zealand tertiary tutors who wish to use collaborative learning techniques for assessment purposes. The findings from this and other research projects have been used to construct a model that will help tutors set up collaborative programmes that not only meet the basic requirements of effective collaborative learning but are also pedagogically sound and culturally accommodating. Such programmes will benefit tutors as well as domestic and international students.

2010-03-13T08:31:17.738Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1672032

At the 2008 IASCE/IAIE conference in Turin, Trish Baker and Jill Clark presented a model for using assessed cooperative learning techniques with ethnically and linguistically diverse groups. The model consisted of four steps: training lecturers in cooperative learning techniques, training students in cooperative learning techniques, monitoring the groups' performance, and debriefing both lecturers and students. This research paper and presentation reports on a New Zealand tertiary business course that piloted the model with culturally diverse student groups. Results from this pilot study suggest that the thorough preparation and monitoring of diverse student groups by a lecturer trained in cooperative learning techniques led to superior academic achievement and greater student satisfaction for most groups. Successful groups were able to identify the skills they had acquired from the cooperative experience, particularly the transferable skills. Not all groups, however, derived the full benefit from the use of the model. Issues of individual motivation, openness to feedback,and a lack of generic skills contributed to the comparatively poor performance of one of the groups. The results of this research project suggest that the challenges of implementing cooperative learning groups wih culturally and linguistically diverse groups may be met by ensuring that both lecturers and students follow the guidelines outlined in the model. This paper recommends further trialing of the model with a larger sample.

2010-03-13T08:31:17.648Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1672031

This paper is an attempt to find out what impact an 'Economic Crisis' would have on New Zealand. The discussion would be centred on the various businesses in New Zealand, keeping the downturn in the finance sector as a focal point. As employees in educational institutions, would we be affected? It would be worthwhile to see what changes could occur if a crisis does occur in New Zealand

2010-03-13T08:31:17.588Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1672030

Although there has been very little research done in co-operative learning in New Zealand, international research is positive about the educational benefits of working in culturally diverse groups. This paper presents the findings of a research project examining New Zealand experiences with co-operative learning in multicultural groups. The paper presents findings from surveys and focus groups with both domestic and international students and with New Zealand tertiary lecturers who use collaborative learning techniques in their programmes. The findings from this research indicate that there is a strong cultural conflict in the conceptualisation of cooperative learning between international students with little prior experience of cooperative learning and New Zealand lecturers who are often not fully prepared to help international students to bridge the gaps. The majority of international students value lecturers' programme content delivery and the achievement of high marks over the development of interpersonal skills; this is contrary to New Zealand lecturers' belief that the development of team skills is the most important outcome from cooperative learning. This cognitive dissonance reinforces the importance of understanding cultural differences and their impact on student patterns of classroom behaviour. This paper recommends that domestic and international students be prepared more effectively for cooperative learning and that lecturers be trained in designing curricula and assessment programmes that are pedagogically sound and culturally accommodating. The paper proposes a model to assist lecturers to achieve this aim.

2010-03-13T08:31:17.518Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1672029

Jewellery Out of Context (joc) is an exhibition of 24 submissions created by 31 New Zealand artists (immigrants, emigrants, migrants, and natives to New Zealand). The exhibition was held at the Muse, Ultimo, Sydney in early 2006. The artists explore the relationships and transformations of jewellery in its wider context. The joc brief is open-ended, with the aim to reveal and unravel the many facets related to the formation and organisation of the jewellery discourse. This exhibition aims to provoke the jewellery community by deconstructing and reassembling its most elementary principle "made to wear". Instead this exhibition is put together as a playful token for its own centralised existence, like: "jewellery" has a good look to itself, or "jewellery" dresses up for its own party. The motivation to include in the "call for entries" multi-disciplines relates also to the aims of the 2006 Jewellers' and Metalsmiths' Group of Australia (jmga) theme, which is "to take makers, collectors,critics and thinkers out of the comfort zone of their normal environments and place them 'on location'; a hypothetical site where speculation, inspiration and the accidental can emerge and diverge, questioning the place of the production of meaning and the meaning of production". In the joc exhibition a combination of the craft, design and fine art practices can be detected side-by-side, the crossbreds and the purebreds. This exhibition has no format, other then to celebrate jewellery and its related world. What is precious and what is non-precious seen through the eyes of artists will transform relationships and positions of normality. It is made special by the reflection of who we are and what we like to be. This exhibition invited artists to look beyond, but not away from the phenomena of object ornamentation and object psychology. Trends and fashions occupy the object maker in its transfixed craft art practice, which is shared closely but not exclusively by the fine art temperaments. Peter Deckers (Curator)

2010-03-13T08:31:17.438Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1672028

I explore family interactions within the non-spectacular, quiet instances of everyday living. My interest is in intimate moments of insulation. My choice of subject matter and approach to the subject has been influenced by my Mexican-American heritage. I draw on cultural influences like Diego Rivera, Frida Kahlo and Richard Diebenkorn to structure my work. My paintings are figurative and in a realist milieu. They are based on observation and experience filtered through my subjective concept of ingenuous representation within the shifting context of perception and context. I look for open narrative potential that will ignite recognition within the viewer, and generate a personal dialogue with ample scope to attribute their own meanings within the work. To understand how this process can be achieved I have developed a structure of visual language based on Roman Jakobson and Wolfgang Iser's literary models of communication. I propose that the process of interaction places meaning within the artist/viewer relationship primarily in the decoding by the viewer. Within my own code, which is a hybrid mix of cultural influences, there is enough of a commonality with most viewers for a meaningful discourse.

2010-03-13T08:31:17.368Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1672027

In the process of introducing a new disability unit into an undergraduate nursing curriculum in a New Zealand educational setting, the opportunity arose to conduct a small study comparing the attitudes of students nurses to people with disabilities. This paper discusses the literature reviewed which formed the basis for the study. A range of perspectives and research was identified that explored societal and nurses' attitudes, disability studies in undergraduate nursing curricula, the impact of nurses' attitudes on patient care, and interventions for changing those attitudes. Effective nursing care can be severely compromised through negative attitudes, and concerns are expressed at the lack of attention given to thisr issue in nursing curricula generally. The literature showed that combining educational approaches with opportunities for student nurses to interact with disabled people provides the most effective means for student nurses to develop positive attitudes towards disabled people. The goal for nurse educators is to ensure the inclusion of disability studies as a core component in undergraduate nursing education.

2010-03-13T08:31:17.308Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1672026

Through improved technology and treatment and ongoing de-institutionalisation, nurses will encounter growing numbers of people with disabilities in the New Zealand (NZ) community and hospitals. Quality of nursing care is influenced by attitude and this study was to evaluate the effect of a curriculum change on the attitudes of two different streams of student nurses towards people with disabilities. During the year 2002 a focused disability unit was introduced to the revised undergraduate nursing curriculum of a major educational institution in New Zealand. The opportunity arose to consider student nurses' attitudes toward disabled people, comparing two streams of students undertaking two different curricula. A convenience sample of students completed Yuker, Block and Younng's (1970) Attitudes Toward Disabled Persons scale (ATDP) form B prior to and on completion of their relevant disability unit. No statistically significant difference in scores was demonstrated. A number of possible reasons for this are suggested.

2010-03-13T08:31:17.238Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1672025

For nursing education, theory and practice are commonly construed as discrete entities separated by a metaphorical void; usually referred to as the "gap between theory and practice". This particular conceptualisation, although widespread, was considered incomplete and for a more comprehensive understanding a Grounded Theory approach was taken to the collection and analysis of data from two phases of data gathering. The first phase was a series of computer mediated group discussions, and the second a number of individual interviews. In both sets of interviews participants were asked to describe how they experienced and managed differences they perceived between theory and practice in nursing. The participants referred to different types of theory relevant and central to effective nursing practice. The first was private theory; the second was formal theory and third was situational theory. More specifically, the student nurses who participated in the study recalled critical moments when the different types of theory conflicted with the strongly held key values which each participant used as the standards against which they evaluated each type of theory. For the students it was a conflict that produced uncomfortable emotions, distrust of others and personal self doubt. In an effort to reduce this discomfort the students sought an explanation for the differences between theory and practice, some of which challenged their key personal values. However, the most emotionally neutral explanation that also preserved the integrity of their key values was that there was a gap between the theory and the practice of nursing. The theory Negotiating Different Experiences has implications for the education of nurses in that personal knowledge and experiences must be incorporated in a programme of study and the feelings evoked by learning must be acknowledged as a catalyst to enhance learning. Further, the different forms of theory to which students will be exposed must be made explicit and nursing educators who must involve the individual student as an active partner in the mapping of a personalised programme, which includes the creation of individual assessment methods.

2010-03-13T08:31:17.168Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1672024

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a serious health issue for women but, in the past, women have been under-represented in research related to this condition. Instead, research using male populations has been used as a basis for the diagnosis and treatment of CHD in women. This has resulted in men and women being treated the same despite the presence of physiological and social differences. It is important to ensure future diagnosis and treatment is based on appropriate research related to women and CHD. Grounded theory was used to explore women's perceptions of the contribution of cardiac rehabilitation to their recovery from a heart attack. The constant comparative method of data analysis was used to develop categories from the data. Overall the experience of suffering a heart attack caused disruption to everyday life and functioning. This included interruption to activities and social roles and shock at having suffered a heart attack. Recovery was characterised by 'reframing' their lives based on the alterations caused by their heart attack experience. The women in this study attempted to return to their everyday roles and responsibilities through the basic social process of "regaining everydayness". Most women did not recognise that they had received phase one cardiac rehabilitation, and although phase two cardiac rehabilitation met some of the education needs of the women in this study, it did not provide the support that all participants required. For some participants social needs were met by attending cardiac rehabilitation sessions. Phase two cardiac rehabilitation attendance was affected by transport, time, family and social issues, such as work commitments. Although some aspects of cardiac rehabilitation were beneficial for most participants, it did not appear to aid recovery for all of them.

2010-03-13T08:31:17.078Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1672023

Society's expectation of tertiary education providers, and especially polytechnics, is that they will "produce" skilled, workforce-ready graduates. Tertiary teachers are expected not only to provide students with relevant knowledge of an academic discipline, but also to develop employability skills in students .This paper discusses the author's experience in using an experiential learning strategy for a second-year degree paper in the field of Market Research to a multicultural group of student from Asian backgrounds. The author's aim is to provide students with a learning environment, where they can acquire discipline knowledge and skills which are relevant for their future employment. This paper does not provide a systematic evaluation of the effectiveness of this approach, but aims at sharing ideas and experience with participants of the Learning and Teaching Conference in an interactive round-table discussion.

2010-03-13T08:31:16.992Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1672022

As podcasting is such a new phenomenon, little is known about its usage and perceived benefits especially in New Zealand. In addition to gathering statistics on the demographics of who uses library instructional podcasts and the technologies used, this research also offers an opportunity to fill a gap in the knowledge on the usage and perceptions of podcasting and its potential as a medium for library instruction in the future. Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovations theory provided the framework for this research. Six sample podcasts were recorded and made available via the UCOL – Universal College of Learning – web site in MP3 format. The target population for this research was staff and students of UCOL. A web based survey instrument was used to collect quantitative and qualitative data and there were 86 complete responses to the survey. Participants were self selected on a non-random basis, therefore it was not possible to stratify the sample set or generalise results. Analysis of the results showed there were differences between the groups surveyed in perceptions and use of the library instructional podcasts. The majority of respondents thought the podcasts were “very good” with 71.1% in favour of them. The most helpful podcast topics were identified and suggestions were made as to other topics the library could make podcasts about. Device ownership was investigated along with technologies required for downloading and listening to the podcasts. The preferred time and place to listen to the podcasts was ascertained and advantages and disadvantages were determined. Responses were received from a broad range of subject areas from within UCOL. The majority of respondents were found to be female and were of NZ European/Pakeha ethnicity. Comments were received as to the quality of the podcasts with suggestions for improvements for future podcasts. The conclusion reached was that podcasting for library instruction will benefit UCOL as an institution, has potential as an alternative communication medium and therefore should be pursued.

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Little Barrier Island in the distance. Little Barrier Island or Hauturu[1] lies off the northeastern coast of New Zealand's North Island. It is 80 kilometres (50 miles) to the north of Auckland. The island is separated from the mainland to the west by Jellicoe Channel, and from the larger Great Barrier Island to the east by Cradock Channel. The two aptly named islands shelter the Hauraki Gulf from many of the storms of the Pacific Ocean.

2010-03-13T08:31:16.468Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1673353

Waiheke Island (pronounced [ˈwaiheke] in Māori language but sometimes /waɪˈheɪkiː/ in English) is an island in the Hauraki Gulf of New Zealand, located about 17.7 km (about 35 minutes by ferry) from Auckland

2010-03-13T08:31:16.408Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674149

Roots Provider at The Albion, Patea 2009

2010-03-13T08:31:16.348Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674148

A man is recovering after being run over by his wife - twice.

2010-03-13T08:31:16.289Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674147

A legal stoush could be brewing over a plan to erect a controversial Wellywood sign on the Miramar hills near Wellington airport.

2010-03-13T08:31:16.218Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674146

Linda MacDonald, 59, said she was disgusted when the found the maggot as she ate an Angus Burger Combo from the Pt Chevalier McDonald's.

2010-03-13T08:31:16.158Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674145

People more sensitive to tasting fat in their food are less likely to be overweight, a group of scientists has discovered.

2010-03-13T08:31:16.098Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674108

'Slim Ride', a light rail system, has been suggested as a partial solution to the chaos and congestion of Auckland roads.

2010-03-13T08:31:16.020Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674107

Despite strong opposition, the Southland District Health Board has refused to budge on cuts to elderly home care.

2010-03-13T08:31:15.948Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674106

Property investors have warned that rents could go up by $34 a week if the Government scraps landlords' depreciation claims on housing.

2010-03-13T08:31:15.898Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674105

A 19-year-old Taupo man convicted of causing a life-threatening head injury to his three-month old baby was today jailed for 16 months.

2010-03-13T08:31:15.838Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674104

The death of a New Zealand man crushed after climbing into a wheelie bin following a night's drinking in the English city of Brighton has been ruled an accident.

2010-03-13T08:31:15.778Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674103

Tonight a record number of students competed in the Auckland regionals of the New Zealand Spelling Bee.

2010-03-13T08:31:15.718Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674019

Auckland’s transition to a Super City is among the top 10 race relations issues for 2010, says the Human Rights Commission.

2010-03-13T08:31:15.658Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1673811

The latest poll shows National still retaining very high levels of political support.

2010-03-13T08:31:15.598Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1673810

Mr Ardern last week criticised a consultation paper from the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry.

2010-03-13T08:31:15.528Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674119

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The All Saints Church was built in 1876 on land purchased from the Maori owners by Captain Robinson.. A clause in the transaction ensured the upkeep of the grave of Pationa, a son of Taratoa, the Paramount Chief of the area before Ihakara. The interior of this Church and its stained glass windows are well worth viewing.

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Photograph from plaque in main Street, Foxton - reads: This street scene was snapped in the late 1870s. Taken from the railway station it shows, front left, the railway line turning from Main Street to the wharf. Buildings right to left are Aberdeen House, All Saints Church, Bank of New Zealand, a two storied shop and boarding house and Whytes Hotel.

2010-03-13T08:31:15.258Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674116

In a town of wooden buildings fires were common and the first fires were fought by bucket brigades. In 1881 a fire tower with a bell was built next to the Court House so that the brigade could be assembled faster. In 1920 a Volunteer Fire Brigade was established, but with no town water supply its appliance was an old hand drawn chemical unit. When the water supply arrived in 1923, a Ford Model T Fire Engine became the Brigade's pride and joy. This did not mean the end of fires but their effects were certainly reduced. Whytes Hotel was established in 1876. He had earlier been licensee at what is now the Manawatu Hotel. Although Whytes escaped the 1912 fire it was destroyed by another in 1919 [actually 1918], along with some of the rebuilt Moutoa Buildings next to it. During the hotel's rebuilding the owner renamed it Easton's Hotel and included that on the front wall. But locals did not take to this and the facade that is left is still referred to as that of Whyte's Hotel. One outcome of the many fires in the commercial area was the passing of a bylaw that delineated the central part of the town as a brick building precinct. This explains why so few wooden buildings exist in the Main Street business area.

2010-03-13T08:31:15.198Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1673315

Photos of Whytes Hotel in Kete Horowhenua: 1879 - Whytes Hotel is large building on the left Whytes Hotel on left - circa 1900 Whytes Hotel survived the fire in 1912 Whytes Hotel - undated photo 1918 - End of WWI Report from newspaper on Whyte's Fire, 1918 Whytes Hotel Foxton fire 31.8.1918 The hotel burnt to ground after fire broke out at 6.30pm in storeroom and soon spread. The hotel had been built in 1876. It was claimed that the fire was caused by rats. Fire - 1918 After the Fire Whites Hotel (middle distance) - circa 1920s Transformation into New World Supermarket Whyte's Hotel in 2010

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This reads: WHYTE'S HOTEL Est. 1876. Rebuilt by F.S. Easton 1919-20.

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The Poverty Bay Herald, Volume XLV, Issue 14698, 2 September 1918 reported the fire which destroyed Whyte's Hotel, Foxton. Whyte's Hotel, a wooden building, was totally destroyed by fire on Saturday evening. The fire spread to the adjoining brick building occupied by Barr, draper, Wanklyn's billiard rooms, Wall's bakery, and the Teviotdale. This building, with the exception of Wall's bakery, was totally destroyed. Both buildings were owned by F. S. Easton. There was no insurance on the brick building. The insurance on the hotel was £2000 and on the contents £1340. Barr's stock was insured for £2100, Wanklyn's for £350, and the Teviotdale £150.

2010-03-13T08:31:14.918Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674030

An announcement of Auckland’s Supercity boundaries will be made today.

2010-03-13T08:31:14.858Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674029

An officer's future in the force is in doubt after he lost his bid to be discharged without conviction for drink driving.

2010-03-13T08:31:14.788Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674028

Transport authorities and KiwiRail have revealed their preferred route for a train tunnel under Auckland central.

2010-03-13T08:31:14.719Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674027

The SPCA said today charges against the two were likely to be laid as early as tomorrow.

2010-03-13T08:31:14.658Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674026

Statistics New Zealand has released figures showing food prices dropped by 1.3 percent last month.

2010-03-13T08:31:14.608Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674025

Pickering was the caregiver of Dylan who died of brain injuries in Auckland's Starship Hospital on April 18, 2008.

2010-03-13T08:31:14.548Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674024

Police said today the injuries the pair suffered were horrific and could easily have killed them.

2010-03-13T08:31:14.448Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674023

A 27-year-old woman hid the body of her baby boy born in a Christchurch park at the end of a secret pregnancy.

2010-03-13T08:31:14.398Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674022

A group of six New Zealanders is attempting the daunting task of jet-skiing from London to Auckland, via Sydney, later this year.

2010-03-13T08:31:14.338Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674021

A man found guilty of sex charges against girls he met on the internet has lost his appeal against conviction.

2010-03-13T08:31:14.248Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674020

Ashburton sharemilker Richard Spicer says that the discharge was not deliberate and stemmed from a faulty irrigator.

2010-03-13T08:31:14.188Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674112

Trans Tasman rower Shaun Quincey is having some deep and meaningful talks with whales.

2010-03-13T08:31:14.128Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674111

A tobacco company manager has admitted nicotine is addictive and said no cigarette is safe.

2010-03-13T08:31:14.070Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674110

New Zealand hotels have been accused of trying to rip off rugby fans by charging exorbitant prices for accommodation during the World Cup.

2010-03-13T08:31:13.988Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1674109

Parts of Franklin, south of Auckland, will be swallowed up by Waikato. But Rodney District, north of Auckland, has failed in its attempts to remain out of it.

2010-03-13T08:31:13.928Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1673321

Jobs will go at the Education Ministry as it seeks to find $25 million in savings.

2010-03-13T08:31:13.868Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1673812

As Education Ministry staff left for their lunch break today, they had just received a briefing - that some of them may soon lose their job.

2010-03-13T08:31:13.808Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1673816

The Government is ramping up its sales pitch for migrant investors.

2010-03-13T08:31:13.738Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1673815

The Whiu family says the deaths prompted them to travel the country educating students about the risks.

2010-03-13T08:31:13.678Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1673814

The Government has rejected a renewed call from the Automobile Association to drop GST from petrol, which the A calls a "tax on a tax".

2010-03-13T08:31:13.628Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1673813

An unemployed man with a sandwich board is pleading for work in Wellington.

2010-03-13T08:31:13.578Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1673320

Acting Housing Minister Maurice Williamson said the department could not house everyone who walked through its doors.

2010-03-13T08:31:13.509Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1673319

The Kapiti Coast District Council is adding a macron in its logo, in an effort to get Maori pronunciation right.

2010-03-13T08:31:13.448Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1673318

A new survey shows many KiwiSaver members have a false sense of security about their investments.

2010-03-13T08:31:13.398Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1673317

The Labour Party has launched a petition against allowing commercial whaling to restart.

2010-03-13T08:31:13.328Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1673316

The days of affordable fuel are coming to an end and the Government needs to rein in its spending on roading infrastructure and target alternative transport, the Green Party says.

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From the Shuttleworth Collection

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From the Shuttleworth Collection

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From the Shuttleworth Collection

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From the Shuttleworth Collection

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From the Shuttleworth Collection

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From the Shuttleworth Collection

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From the Shuttleworth Collection

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From the Shuttleworth Collection

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From the Shuttleworth Collection

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From the Shuttleworth Collection

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From the Shuttleworth Collection

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From the Shuttleworth Collection

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From the Shuttleworth Collection

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From the Shuttleworth Collection

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From the Shuttleworth Collection

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From the Shuttleworth Collection

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From the Shuttleworth Collection

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From the Shuttleworth Collection

2010-03-13T08:31:11.348Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1421289

Home of the Cheese factory

2010-03-13T08:31:11.288Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1421290

German Bay/Takamatua. German Bay was renamed Takamatua during World War 1

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This photograph was taken in 1960 by Donald McKay who untill about this time lived in Le Bons Bay. From the Shuttleworth Collection.

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Dothistroma septosporum causes pine needle blight, a foliar disease currently causing epidemics in the Northern hemisphere. D. septosporum synthesizes dothistromin, a mycotoxin similar in structure to the aflatoxin (AF) precursor versicolorin B. Orthologs of AF genes, required for the biosynthesis of dothistromin, have been identified along with others that are speculated to be involved in the same pathway. The dothistromin genes are located on a mini-chromosome in Dothistroma septosporum but, in contrast to AF genes, not in a continuous cluster. The aim of this study was to increase knowledge of the biological role of dothistromin, which was previously a suspected pathogenicity factor. To identify putative roles of dothistromin, the dothistromin gene expression was investigated and green fluorescence protein (GFP) reporter gene strains of D. septosporum were developed. Expression analyses of dothistromin genes revealed co-regulation. More surprisingly, dothistromin is produced at an early stage of growth and gene expression is highest during exponential growth. This is fundamentally different to the late exponential/stationary phase expression usually seen with secondary metabolites such as AF. Strains with a dothistromin gene (dotA) promoter-regulated GFP confirmed early expression of the toxin genes, even in spores and germtubes. Parallel studies with transformants containing a GFP-DotA fusion protein suggest spatial organization of dothistromin biosynthesis in intracellular vesicles. The early expression of dothistromin genes led to the hypotheses that dothistromin is either required in the early stage of the plant/fungi interaction, or for inhibiting the growth of competing fungi. Constitutive GFP strains helped to determine that dothistromin is not a pathogenicity factor. However, a putative role of dothistromin in competition with other fungi, including pine-colonizing species, was detected, supporting the second hypothesis. It was shown that dothistromin-producing strains appear to have a competitive advantage which is lacking in dothistromin-deficient strains. However, some competitors were not affected and have potential as biocontrol agents. In summary, this work has led to the discovery of an unusual pattern of regulation of a secondary metabolite, has made substantial progress in identifying the biological role of dothistromin, and has indicated potential for biocontrol of Dothistroma needle blight.Content removed from thesis due to copyright restrictions: Schwelm, A., Barron, N. J., Zhang, S. & Bradshaw, R. E. (in press). Early expression of aflatoxin-like dothistromin genes in the forest pathogen Dothistroma septosporum.

2010-03-13T08:31:11.039Ztag:api.digitalnz.org,2008:1672109

In the mutually beneficial association between the fungal endophyte Epichloë festucae and perennial ryegrass, fungal growth is highly regulated and coordinated with that of the host. This implies there must be signalling between the fungus and its host to maintain this close association. Recent work has shown a novel role for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in this symbiotic maintenance, with multiple components of the superoxideproducing NADPH oxidase (Nox) complex being essential for normal association. However, the mechanism by which the Nox complex is regulated is unclear. To identify potential regulators of the E. festucae Nox complex, comparisons were made with well-characterised mammalian systems. This search identified three candidate regulators: a stress activated MAP kinase, sakA, and the p21-activated kinases, pakA and pakB. To investigate if these genes were involved in symbiotic maintenance, replacement mutants were generated by homologous recombination. In culture analysis revealed that the ?sakA mutant was hypersensitive to a range of stresses, whereas the pak mutants were hypersensitive to cell wall stress-inducing agents and displayed altered growth and morphology. Examination of perennial ryegrass infected with these mutants revealed drastically altered plant interaction phenotypes for the ?sakA and ?pakA mutants in comparison to the wild-type strain. ?sakA-infected plants were stunted and displayed striking changes in development, with the base of tillers showing loss of anthocyanin pigmentation and disorganisation of host cells below the meristem, resulting in swollen bases. Plants infected with the ?pakA mutant were severely stunted, had no more than two tillers and senesced soon after planting. In contrast, plants infected with the ?pakB mutant were similar to wild-type, with only slight deregulation of growth in planta. Examination of ROS in culture revealed that ?sakA and ?pakA displayed elevated levels of both superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. ROS levels were also elevated around ?sakA hyphae in planta. These results support roles for SakA and PakA in Nox regulation. This work highlights the fine balance between mutualism and antagonism, and provides insight into the molecular basis for mutualism.Content removed from thesis due to copyright restrictions: Eaton, C. J., I. Jourdain, et al. (2008). "Functional analysis of a fungal endophyte stress-activated MAP kinase." Current Genetics 53(3): 163-174. Scott, B. and C. J. Eaton (2008). "Role of reactive oxygen species in fungal cellular differentiations." Current Opinion in Microbiology 11(6): 488-493.

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